Whether you are a new horse owner or have had horses in your life for years, you most likely have heard the term "abscess." An abscess occurs in the hoof when bacteria becomes trapped inside. Abscesses can become severe, so it's important to know the signs and treatment options.
What is an Abscess?
In simple terms, and abscess occurs in the hoof when bacteria has become trapped inside. Bacteria can enter the hoof in various ways, including:
Horseshoe nails inside the white line
A puncture wound in the sole
A bruise on the sole
Hoof injury
Extremely wet weather or dirty stalls can soften the hoof, causing there to be a gap between the white line for the bacteria to enter. This is why it's very important to have a dry area for your horse to stand. Poor hoof care maintenance also plays a crucial role in preventing an abscess. If a horse has long or flared toes, this can cause the white line to be weaker and increase the chances of a hoof abscess.
Signs and Symptoms of a Hoof Abscess
A hoof abscess might seem like a minor issue, but can become severe. In severe cases, an abscess can cause infection and swelling not only in the hoof, but up the leg.
Some signs of a hoof abscess include:
A sudden and severe lameness in one leg
A warm hoof wall to the touch
Higher digital pulses of affected hoof
Swelling of the pastern or fetlock
How to Treat an Abscess
If you suspect that your horse has an abscess, it's important to work with your veterinarian and farrier to treat it. To treat an abscess, your veterinarian may drain the abscess to relieve the pressure. Once the infection has drained, your horse will have an immediate relief of pain. Soaking the hoof is also another option to help stimulate draining from the hoof. After this, an antiseptic bandage will be put on the hoof to allow the abscess to continue draining. You then can put a hoof boot over the bandage to help there be waterproof protection. I highly suggest Cavallo hoof boots, you can read about them here.
You will need to remove the hoof boot and change the bandage daily, and keep your horse in a dry environment. When the affected area is dry and lameness is not present, you can remove the hoof bandage. A mild abscess can take a week or less to heal, but in more severe cases it can take up to months to completely heal.
How to Prevent an Abscess
It's always easier to prevent than treat, so how do you prevent and abscess? To prevent an abscess you can:
Keep a dry and clean environment for your horse
Clean stalls regularly and remove manure from the pasture
Have a regular trimming schedule with your farrier
Pick out your horses' hooves daily
Use a hoof conditioner to maintain moisture balance in the hooves (I recommend Farrier's Finish)
If you suspect your horse has a hoof abscess, always consult your farrier or vet for treatment options and to plan a course of action.
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